House Made of Dawn Summary by N. Scott Momaday

“House Made of Dawn” is a novel written by N. Scott Momaday and published in 1968. It is a seminal work in Native American literature and won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1969.

The book “House Made of Dawn” chronicles the life of Abel, a young Native American who lives in New Mexico and belongs to the Pueblo tribe. The story is divided into four sections, each of which presents Abel’s life and experiences from a distinct angle. The book delves deeply into Native American spirituality, culture, and the struggles that these people encountered in the 20th century.

Summary Of House Made of Dawn

Part I: The Priest of the Sun

The novel opens with Abel returning to his home pueblo after serving in World War II. He is struggling to adjust to civilian life after the horrors of war, and he feels disconnected from his cultural roots. As he reunites with his grandfather Francisco, he begins to reconnect with his heritage and the land. However, Abel is haunted by traumatic memories from the war.

During a ceremonial dance, Abel meets a woman named Angela, and they form a romantic connection. Angela is also trying to find her place in a changing world and seeks comfort in Abel’s presence. Despite their connection, Abel remains emotionally distant and damaged by his war experiences.

Part II: The Priest of the Sun, Continued

This section delves into Abel’s childhood, revealing the loss of his parents and the trauma he experienced at an early age. His mother died during childbirth, and his father abandoned him, leaving him with his grandfather Francisco. Francisco taught Abel about the traditions of the Pueblo people and the importance of the land.

Abel’s traumatic experiences in the war are juxtaposed with his memories of the pueblo and his strong connection to the land. The novel explores the idea that returning to one’s roots and cultural heritage can offer healing and solace.

Part III: The Night Chanter

Abel’s relationship with Angela deepens, but he continues to be haunted by memories and the emotional scars of his wartime experiences. The couple moves to Los Angeles, hoping for a better life, but they struggle to find their place in the urban environment. Abel becomes involved in criminal activities and descends into alcoholism.

This section introduces Ben Benally, a Navajo who was also affected by the war. Benally is a night chanter, a traditional healer and spiritual leader. He becomes Abel’s friend and mentor, offering guidance and spiritual support.

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Part IV: The Dawn Runner

In the final section, Abel returns to his pueblo, disillusioned and broken. He is accused of murdering an albino Native American, prompting a trial. Throughout the trial, the cultural conflict between the traditional Pueblo way of life and the influence of Western society becomes evident.

Ben Benally testifies as a character witness for Abel, highlighting his spiritual journey and the struggles he has faced. The trial raises important questions about justice, cultural preservation, and the impact of war on Native American individuals and communities.

Key Characters Of House Made of Dawn

1. Abel: The protagonist of the novel, Abel is a young Pueblo man who returns to his home pueblo after serving in World War II. He grapples with the trauma of war, cultural displacement, and a sense of alienation.
2. Angela: Angela is a woman Abel meets during a ceremonial dance. She becomes his romantic partner and tries to provide him with emotional support. Like Abel, Angela also seeks a sense of belonging and stability.
3. Francisco: Abel’s grandfather, Francisco, is a wise and traditional Pueblo figure. He imparts cultural knowledge and values to Abel, grounding him in his heritage.
4. Ben Benally: Ben Benally is a Navajo night chanter, a spiritual leader and healer. He serves as a mentor to Abel, offering guidance and support in his spiritual journey.

Themes Of House Made of Dawn

“House Made of Dawn” explores several central themes, including:

1. Cultural Identity: The novel delves into the complex interplay between Native American identity and the pressures of assimilation into mainstream American culture. Abel’s struggle to reconnect with his Pueblo heritage highlights the importance of cultural identity.
2. War and Trauma: Abel’s experiences in World War II have a profound impact on his psychological and emotional well-being. The novel examines the trauma experienced by veterans and its long-lasting effects.
3. Belonging: Abel’s journey is a quest for belonging, both in terms of his cultural roots and his personal relationships. His search for a sense of place and community is a central theme.
4. Clash of Cultures: The clash between traditional Pueblo values and the influence of Western society is a recurring theme. The novel reflects on the challenges faced by Indigenous communities in a changing world.
5. Spirituality and Healing: The role of spirituality and traditional healing practices is explored through the character of Ben Benally. Spirituality becomes a source of healing and guidance for Abel.

Impact and Legacy

“House Made of Dawn” had a significant impact on the representation of Native American literature and culture in American literature. It was a groundbreaking work that provided a window into the struggles, experiences, and spirituality of Native Americans in the 20th century. N. Scott Momaday’s novel paved the way for a new generation of Native American writers and played a vital role in promoting Indigenous voices and stories.

The novel is considered a classic of Native American literature and remains widely read in academic and literary circles. It is a testament to the enduring importance of cultural preservation and the healing power of connecting with one’s roots. “House Made of Dawn” stands as a significant work in the larger landscape of American literature, highlighting the rich and diverse tapestry of Indigenous storytelling and identity.

Conclusion

N. Scott Momaday’s “House Made of Dawn” is a profound and powerful book that delves into the nuanced issues of cultural identity, trauma, belonging, and cross-cultural conflict. The novel highlights the struggles Native Americans encountered in the 20th century and the ongoing significance of spiritual healing and cultural preservation via the journey of its protagonist, Abel. The book has had a significant influence on Native American writing and how it is portrayed in American society. It is a timeless piece of American literature that offers a potent testimony to the tenacity and spirituality of Indigenous peoples.

FAQ.

What are the major themes explored in “House Made of Dawn”?

The novel explores themes such as cultural identity, the impact of war and trauma, the search for belonging, the clash of cultures, and the role of spirituality and healing. These themes are central to the narrative and contribute to the novel’s enduring resonance.

Who is the protagonist of “House Made of Dawn,” and what is his journey about?

Abel, the protagonist, is a young Pueblo man who returns to his home pueblo after serving in World War II. His journey is one of self-discovery, healing, and the quest for a sense of belonging, as he grapples with the trauma of war and his cultural displacement.

How does the novel address the clash between traditional Native American values and Western influence?

“House Made of Dawn” examines the conflict between traditional Pueblo values and the impact of Western society on Indigenous communities. This clash is evident in Abel’s struggle to find his place in a changing world and the tension between his cultural heritage and the pressures of assimilation.

What role does spirituality play in the novel, and how does it influence the characters?

Spirituality, represented by characters like Ben Benally, serves as a source of healing and guidance for the characters in the novel. It offers a way for them to reconnect with their roots, find solace, and address the trauma they have experienced.

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